[1] 4.12 4.57 5.00 17.00
Spring 2026
Data are a means to represent the world
| Type | Definition | Example |
|---|---|---|
| Double | Whole or floating number | 5 or 5.73 |
| Integer | Whole number | 5, 2, 3L |
| Character | Individual or strings of non-numbers | “c”, “cat”, “cat in the hat” |
| Factor | Categorical or discrete variables | M/F, S/M/L |
| Boolean | Binary Categories | T/F |
Numbers
[1] 4.12 4.57 5.00 17.00
Characters
[1] "M" "male" "F" "cat" "Cat-Dog"
Factors
[1] M M F M
Levels: F M
Boolean
[1] TRUE FALSE TRUE FALSE
NULL
[1] NA
[1] NaN
[1] Inf
Each variable / object has a data mode that umbrellas by data type.
Rows: 949
Columns: 22
$ id <dbl> 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16,…
$ pokemon <chr> "bulbasaur", "ivysaur", "venusaur", "charmander", "cha…
$ species_id <dbl> 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16,…
$ height <dbl> 0.7, 1.0, 2.0, 0.6, 1.1, 1.7, 0.5, 1.0, 1.6, 0.3, 0.7,…
$ weight <dbl> 6.9, 13.0, 100.0, 8.5, 19.0, 90.5, 9.0, 22.5, 85.5, 2.…
$ base_experience <dbl> 64, 142, 236, 62, 142, 240, 63, 142, 239, 39, 72, 178,…
$ type_1 <chr> "grass", "grass", "grass", "fire", "fire", "fire", "wa…
$ type_2 <chr> "poison", "poison", "poison", NA, NA, "flying", NA, NA…
$ hp <dbl> 45, 60, 80, 39, 58, 78, 44, 59, 79, 45, 50, 60, 40, 45…
$ attack <dbl> 49, 62, 82, 52, 64, 84, 48, 63, 83, 30, 20, 45, 35, 25…
$ defense <dbl> 49, 63, 83, 43, 58, 78, 65, 80, 100, 35, 55, 50, 30, 5…
$ special_attack <dbl> 65, 80, 100, 60, 80, 109, 50, 65, 85, 20, 25, 90, 20, …
$ special_defense <dbl> 65, 80, 100, 50, 65, 85, 64, 80, 105, 20, 25, 80, 20, …
$ speed <dbl> 45, 60, 80, 65, 80, 100, 43, 58, 78, 45, 30, 70, 50, 3…
$ color_1 <chr> "#78C850", "#78C850", "#78C850", "#F08030", "#F08030",…
$ color_2 <chr> "#A040A0", "#A040A0", "#A040A0", NA, NA, "#A890F0", NA…
$ color_f <chr> "#81A763", "#81A763", "#81A763", NA, NA, "#DE835E", NA…
$ egg_group_1 <chr> "monster", "monster", "monster", "monster", "monster",…
$ egg_group_2 <chr> "plant", "plant", "plant", "dragon", "dragon", "dragon…
$ url_icon <chr> "//archives.bulbagarden.net/media/upload/7/7b/001MS6.p…
$ generation_id <dbl> 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, …
$ url_image <chr> "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/HybridShivam/Pokemo…
mode.Vectors combined together.
| pokemon | type_1 | type_2 |
|---|---|---|
| bulbasaur | grass | poison |
| ivysaur | grass | poison |
| venusaur | grass | poison |
| charmander | fire | NA |
| charmeleon | fire | NA |
| charizard | fire | flying |
| pokemon | type_1 | hp |
|---|---|---|
| bulbasaur | grass | 45 |
| ivysaur | grass | 60 |
| venusaur | grass | 80 |
function for that!R is a computer programming language
Languages have dialects
library()You have to walk before you can run… we will start with base…
Remember R can only do what you ask it! It is hyper literal
head(x, n=6): return the first n elementstail(x, n=6): return the last n elements| id | pokemon | species_id | height | weight | base_experience | type_1 | type_2 | hp | attack | defense | special_attack | special_defense | speed | color_1 | color_2 | color_f | egg_group_1 | egg_group_2 | url_icon | generation_id | url_image |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | bulbasaur | 1 | 0.7 | 6.9 | 64 | grass | poison | 45 | 49 | 49 | 65 | 65 | 45 | #78C850 | #A040A0 | #81A763 | monster | plant | //archives.bulbagarden.net/media/upload/7/7b/001MS6.png | 1 | https://raw.githubusercontent.com/HybridShivam/Pokemon/master/assets/images/001.png |
| 2 | ivysaur | 2 | 1.0 | 13.0 | 142 | grass | poison | 60 | 62 | 63 | 80 | 80 | 60 | #78C850 | #A040A0 | #81A763 | monster | plant | //archives.bulbagarden.net/media/upload/a/a0/002MS6.png | 1 | https://raw.githubusercontent.com/HybridShivam/Pokemon/master/assets/images/002.png |
| 3 | venusaur | 3 | 2.0 | 100.0 | 236 | grass | poison | 80 | 82 | 83 | 100 | 100 | 80 | #78C850 | #A040A0 | #81A763 | monster | plant | //archives.bulbagarden.net/media/upload/0/07/003MS6.png | 1 | https://raw.githubusercontent.com/HybridShivam/Pokemon/master/assets/images/003.png |
| id | pokemon | species_id | height | weight | base_experience | type_1 | type_2 | hp | attack | defense | special_attack | special_defense | speed | color_1 | color_2 | color_f | egg_group_1 | egg_group_2 | url_icon | generation_id | url_image |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 10146 | kommo-o-totem | 784 | 2.4 | 207.5 | 270 | dragon | fighting | 75 | 110 | 125 | 100 | 105 | 85 | #7038F8 | #C03028 | #8336C5 | dragon | NA | NA | NA | https://raw.githubusercontent.com/HybridShivam/Pokemon/master/assets/images/10146.png |
| 10147 | magearna-original | 801 | 1.0 | 80.5 | 120 | steel | fairy | 80 | 95 | 115 | 130 | 115 | 65 | #B8B8D0 | #EE99AC | #C5B0C7 | no-eggs | NA | NA | NA | https://raw.githubusercontent.com/HybridShivam/Pokemon/master/assets/images/10147.png |
dim(x): return the dimensions of an object
spc_tbl_ [949 × 22] (S3: spec_tbl_df/tbl_df/tbl/data.frame)
$ id : num [1:949] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 ...
$ pokemon : chr [1:949] "bulbasaur" "ivysaur" "venusaur" "charmander" ...
$ species_id : num [1:949] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 ...
$ height : num [1:949] 0.7 1 2 0.6 1.1 1.7 0.5 1 1.6 0.3 ...
$ weight : num [1:949] 6.9 13 100 8.5 19 90.5 9 22.5 85.5 2.9 ...
$ base_experience: num [1:949] 64 142 236 62 142 240 63 142 239 39 ...
$ type_1 : chr [1:949] "grass" "grass" "grass" "fire" ...
$ type_2 : chr [1:949] "poison" "poison" "poison" NA ...
$ hp : num [1:949] 45 60 80 39 58 78 44 59 79 45 ...
$ attack : num [1:949] 49 62 82 52 64 84 48 63 83 30 ...
$ defense : num [1:949] 49 63 83 43 58 78 65 80 100 35 ...
$ special_attack : num [1:949] 65 80 100 60 80 109 50 65 85 20 ...
$ special_defense: num [1:949] 65 80 100 50 65 85 64 80 105 20 ...
$ speed : num [1:949] 45 60 80 65 80 100 43 58 78 45 ...
$ color_1 : chr [1:949] "#78C850" "#78C850" "#78C850" "#F08030" ...
$ color_2 : chr [1:949] "#A040A0" "#A040A0" "#A040A0" NA ...
$ color_f : chr [1:949] "#81A763" "#81A763" "#81A763" NA ...
$ egg_group_1 : chr [1:949] "monster" "monster" "monster" "monster" ...
$ egg_group_2 : chr [1:949] "plant" "plant" "plant" "dragon" ...
$ url_icon : chr [1:949] "//archives.bulbagarden.net/media/upload/7/7b/001MS6.png" "//archives.bulbagarden.net/media/upload/a/a0/002MS6.png" "//archives.bulbagarden.net/media/upload/0/07/003MS6.png" "//archives.bulbagarden.net/media/upload/7/7d/004MS6.png" ...
$ generation_id : num [1:949] 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ...
$ url_image : chr [1:949] "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/HybridShivam/Pokemon/master/assets/images/001.png" "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/HybridShivam/Pokemon/master/assets/images/002.png" "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/HybridShivam/Pokemon/master/assets/images/003.png" "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/HybridShivam/Pokemon/master/assets/images/004.png" ...
- attr(*, "spec")=
.. cols(
.. id = col_double(),
.. pokemon = col_character(),
.. species_id = col_double(),
.. height = col_double(),
.. weight = col_double(),
.. base_experience = col_double(),
.. type_1 = col_character(),
.. type_2 = col_character(),
.. hp = col_double(),
.. attack = col_double(),
.. defense = col_double(),
.. special_attack = col_double(),
.. special_defense = col_double(),
.. speed = col_double(),
.. color_1 = col_character(),
.. color_2 = col_character(),
.. color_f = col_character(),
.. egg_group_1 = col_character(),
.. egg_group_2 = col_character(),
.. url_icon = col_character(),
.. generation_id = col_double(),
.. url_image = col_character()
.. )
- attr(*, "problems")=<externalptr>
| id | pokemon | species_id | height | weight | base_experience | type_1 | type_2 | hp | attack | defense | special_attack | special_defense | speed | color_1 | color_2 | color_f | egg_group_1 | egg_group_2 | url_icon | generation_id | url_image |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | bulbasaur | 1 | 0.7 | 6.9 | 64 | grass | poison | 45 | 49 | 49 | 65 | 65 | 45 | #78C850 | #A040A0 | #81A763 | monster | plant | //archives.bulbagarden.net/media/upload/7/7b/001MS6.png | 1 | https://raw.githubusercontent.com/HybridShivam/Pokemon/master/assets/images/001.png |
| 2 | ivysaur | 2 | 1.0 | 13.0 | 142 | grass | poison | 60 | 62 | 63 | 80 | 80 | 60 | #78C850 | #A040A0 | #81A763 | monster | plant | //archives.bulbagarden.net/media/upload/a/a0/002MS6.png | 1 | https://raw.githubusercontent.com/HybridShivam/Pokemon/master/assets/images/002.png |
| 3 | venusaur | 3 | 2.0 | 100.0 | 236 | grass | poison | 80 | 82 | 83 | 100 | 100 | 80 | #78C850 | #A040A0 | #81A763 | monster | plant | //archives.bulbagarden.net/media/upload/0/07/003MS6.png | 1 | https://raw.githubusercontent.com/HybridShivam/Pokemon/master/assets/images/003.png |
summary() returns the summary statistics for an object.